Emerging Church Part 2: A Fractured Menagerie
November 1st, 2006MY POSTMODERN SPIRITUALITY CAN KICK YOUR MODERN CHURCH’S BUTT
    I’m glad you could join me for the second installation. You belong here. This could potentially be a very large post, so let’s dive in quickly.
    How is a postmodern, post-Western, post-Christian transition being dealt with in the church? Let’s first examine what the younger, generally more postmodern generations are doing. Because the shift to postmodernism has begun fairly recently, the majority of postmoderns are young; this is not to say there is a postmodern generation - there isn’t (Kimball, “Emerging Church” 61). We can actually find a great deal of modern youth, as well as plenty of older postmoderns (Ibid 62). The postmodern culture is emerging - it isn’t happening all at once - so it is generationally scattered. Nevertheless, as postmodern parents teach their children postmodern values, postmodernism will become more and more prevalent in the younger crowd (that means us). What we find when we examine our generation is that young adults are dropping out of conservative and liberal churches at alarming rates (Street 10). 3500 churches close every year; 80% of churches in America are plateued or declining (Driscoll, “Emerging vs. Emergent” ) and church attendance in Europe is at a historically low level (Street 5). Brian McLaren observes, “Some of the most hard-core unchurched here [in the Northeast] are the sons and grandsons of hard-core evangelicals” (qtd. in Kimball, “Emerging Church” 40). The church is not doing well.
    But these are just numbers, and we all know that numbers don’t tell the whole story. What I find more interesting is what is actually happening in the field. Dan Kimball, working as a youth minister in the mid-90s, noticed a peculiar change in the attitudes of his youth. Concerned that he was doing something wrong, he began making calls to youth ministers all around the country and here’s what he found: “I was not alone; the same thing was surfacing all across America…From coast to coast, many of the nation’s largest and most successful churches were experiencing the trend we’d been observing” (Kimball, “Emerging Church” 33-34). What were the trends? First, non-Christian youth and young adults weren’t responding to formerly successful evangelism methods. Next, young adults were not connecting with the contemporary, modern church service. And last, young adult ministries didn’t know how to respond (Ibid 34). Indifferent unbelievers, disconnected Christians, and confused ministers. Postmodernism had struck its first blow.
    No matter the spiritual background - Methodist, Baptist, Catholic, Charismatic, or whatever - this new worldview was breeding full-blooded postmoderns. These emerging generations all seemed to share a common spiritual/religious gene: a deep disdain for blind dogmatism (Kimball, “Emerging Church” 76). In Christian circles, this resulted is a disillusionment with the conventional church institution; George Barna explores this phenomenon in Revolution. Elsewhere he predicts that in the next 25 years, only a third of believers in America will express their faith in a conventional church environment (Barna). As Dan Kimball discovered in his research on emerging generations, the “contemporary seeker-sensitive methodology goes against what connects with them most deeply.” (Kimball, “Emerging Church” 36).
    Yet even here I miss the heart of the matter, because we all know that the church is here today for mission. How are emerging non-Christians responding to the message of Christ? Let’s take a look at the story of Leslie Newbigin. Mr. Newbigin was born and raised in England before moving to India as a missionary in 1936. For almost forty years, Mr. Newbigin lived among the Indian people developing relationships and sharing the message of Christ with exceptional love and compassion. In 1974, he returned to England, thinking he had left the mission field. Much to his surprise, Mr. Newbigin discovered that Western Europe had become a mission field in itself. He has been ministering to the Brits ever since, and he’s learned that it is “much harder than anything I met in India. The cold contempt for the Gospel is harder to face than opposition” (qtd. in Kimball, “Emerging Church” 68). Mr. Newbigin left a Christian England, arrived in a pre-Christian India, and returned to a post-Christian England. We should be concerned that Mr. Newbigin found it easier to do ministry in a pre-Christian nation with state-sponsored persecution than in a free, post-Christian nation. Why should this concern us? America is on the same road to becoming post-Christian.
    The “cold contempt for the Gospel” is not a geographical characteristic, but an epistemological one. Emerging postmodern generations are being taught religious pluralism from the cradle, and this pattern is only going to escalate (Kimball, “Emerging Church” 75). Amidst the growing religious diversity, our world needs to see Christ lifted up in his wonder, yet the attitudes and examples of some Christians demonstrate to emerging postmoderns that Jesus is judgmental, angry, exclusive, unkind, pro-war, and so on (Street 6). In fact, surveys show that emerging generations are interested in Jesus, but it’s Christians that get in the way (Kimball, “Emerging Church” 80). Tim Keller, pastor of Redeemer Presbyterian Church in downtown New York City, notes, “There’s an awful lot of evangelical churches where a non-Christian comes in, they can’t understand the jargon. They see an enormous ‘us-them’ mentality. . . Honestly, I think most non-Christians when they see…what Christians are obsessed with, they can’t even begin to relate to them” (Keller, “Characteristics”). The “cold contempt for the Gospel” is arriving in America not because people aren’t interested in God - interest has actually gone way up (Kimball, “Emerging Church” 87) - but because Christians are living ungodly lives. As Mahatma Ghandi said, “I like your Christ, but I do not like your Christians. Your Christians are so unlike your Christ” (Kimball, “Emerging Church” 79).
    The danger is responding with apathy. Years ago, young people left the faith frequently, especially in high school and college, for the sake of rebellion and experimentation. Later in their lives, they returned to their roots, turning back to God, and began what many of us call the seeker-sensitive movement. The point is that they rebelled and later returned to their roots. In discussing emerging postmodern generations, many people say that the exodus of young people from the church is following the same pattern. Students are rebelling, playing with liberalism, experimenting with different ideas, but when they grow up and settle down they will return to their roots.
    What roots?
    We had the luxury of defaulting on that excuse in generations past because America was a Christian nation, but as we’ve already discussed, America is not a Christian nation anymore. America is religiously pluralistic, it encourages syncretism, it marginalizes Christians, it is positively tolerant, and so on and so forth. Emerging postmodern generations are growing up in a post-Christian society; the majority of them have no Christian roots to “return” to. If we are going to reach this emerging world we cannot wait for it to come back to the church; waiting to see what happens with this postmodern thing is the most irresponsible stewardship of the Gospel that we could possibly choose. Postmodernism is here to stay, and we need to rethink the way we approach this culture. As Dan Kimball discovered, “Postmodernity and the spiritual relativism it brings completely pull the rug out from under most of our current, modern ministry strategy and methodology” (Kimball, “Emerging Church” 55).
RETHINK CULTURE
    “We must think about the emerging culture because too much is at stake” (Kimball, “Emerging Church” 13). Culture matters. But how does it matter? What should be our proper response? Should we really care at all? I want us to explore for a moment our perceptions of culture and how it informs our faith. In Part 4, I am going to delve into the church’s role in culture, but for now I just want to take apart our presuppositions. Hopefully, it will be quick and painless.
    “Culture war” is one phrase plastered all over our media and all over our churches. “The culture war escalates,” “Another win in the culture war,” “A setback in the culture war,” “Don’t lose hope in the culture war.” Traditionally, the image is of the church on one side of the ring and the culture on the other. The rounds are fast and fiery, but neither opponent seems to lose its resolve. The culture is itching to free itself from religion and the church is eager to be rid of worldliness.
    Is this a biblical picture?
    I believe it is unhealthy to parallel worldliness with culture. If we win this culture war (which there is a war happening, I might add), what then? This is where war terminology betrays us; in an actual war, you kill your enemies and take their land. But if we win, our “enemies” are still here. If we win and stop the violence and sexuality in Hollywood, pass marriage amendments in every state, open up schools for religious expression, and end abortions nationwide, the people who oppose us will still be in our midst. What then? Will we really have the utopia we’re striving for? If we win the culture war, do we really think that the people we defeat will be eager to hear about Jesus?
    Our job is not to fight the world; it is to redeem the world. Yes, we are to fight worldly influences, but who are we fighting? Hollywood execs? Liberal politicians? “For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against… the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms” (NIV Ephesians 6.12). We are combating spiritual forces. So let’s drop the assumption that the culture is evil. Culture is culture. There is something deeper going on than what is shown on the screen.
    Here is the indisputable fact: every Christian is a part of culture; we have to live in it - there’s nothing we can do about it. A problem occurs when we begin to say that the Christian culture is good and that the world’s culture is bad because in reality there is worldliness in both. Take these two examples: pride and freedom. Both the world and the Christian culture tell us that it is good to be proud of your work, yet this is unscriptural. The world and Christian culture emphasize personal freedom, yet we are instructed to be slaves to Christ. It is presumptuous of us to believe that our Christian culture is superior to the world’s culture. Culture is culture. Just because something is labeled “Christian” does not make it biblical.
    You see, when we come to the Bible, we are going to read it as an inhabitant of our culture (Keller, “Culturally Conditioned”). “The minute you start asking a series of questions [about] the Scripture, you’re asking it out of a cultural context. . . I’m going to ask a different set of question than a Japanese person is, than a Scottish person is” (Keller, “Scripture as Foundation”). The entire idea that we can escape culture is ludicrous. This can be seen in the many ways that modernism shaped the church, despite church leaders’ warnings concerning it (Kimball, “Emerging Church” 49). Our worldview shapes our wants, our desires, our needs, our way of thinking, our entire world and, “We cannot assume that everyone is going to learn, relate, and think the same way” (Ibid 63). My point is that culture matters.
    We cannot say that the church will not become postmodern. The church is made up of people, people are becoming postmodern, and therefore the church will become postmodern. It is going to happen whether we like it or not. The legacy we are going to leave is whether we teach the emerging postmodern generations how to take apart their culture with a biblical grid, because cultural values cannot be allowed to dictate the substance of the church. We cannot capitulate to culture. We can accept some aspects of culture because they won’t be incongruent with Scripture, but other aspects will have to be points of contention. We shouldn’t get angry with the emerging postmoderns on these points. Dan Kimball notes, “We cannot blame emerging generations for believing what they believe. Remember, this is the only world they know… Instead of blaming them for what they believe, our hearts should be breaking for them” (Kimball, “Emerging Church” 63). You see, are we willing to go to postmoderns on their turf, bring them to Jesus Christ, and teach them to live as his disciples within their culture?
    The question we need to ask ourselves is: What aspects of the culture (Christian or otherwise) are incongruent with Scripture? If we are not wise and discerning and if we do not take apart our cultures with a biblical grid, we will find ourselves swallowing lies with our eyes closed. We must remember that Jesus never changes (NIV Hebrews 13:8); he is not surprised by cultural changes. If we rely on His words alone to examine and dissect the worlds in which we live, I believe that we will be able to live as authentic Christ-followers within the postmodern culture.
     Postmodernism isn’t the end of the Way of Jesus. Frankly, I am more optimistic about emerging postmodern generations than former modern ones; these people actually crave to experience God (Kimball, “Emerging Church” 36). Remember that the early church was birthed into a culture riddled with gods, goddesses, sorcerers, sex cults, and many philosophies and religions. We aren’t experiencing anything new. I am convinced that the Holy Spirit can move just as effectively through the church of the emerging postmoderns. The only problem is how we are going to reach them.
REAPPROACH METHODOLOGY
    “To the Jews I became like a Jew, to win the Jews. To those under the law I became like one under the law (though I myself am not under the law), so as to win those under the law. To those not having the law I became like one not having the law (though I am not free from God’s law but am under Christ’s law), so as to win those not having the law. To the weak I became weak, to win the weak. I have become all things to all men so that by all possible means I might save some” (NIV 1 Corinthians 9:20-22). In what ways are we willing to bring salvation to postmoderns? Where should we draw the line? After beginning the research for this series, I was introduced to a remarkable man who I had never really examined too closely; upon further inspection, I have found that his insights are incredibly applicable to the situation we find ourselves in today.
    Hudson Taylor established the China Inland Mission in the mid to late 19th century in a move that paved the way for the Gospel to expand across mainlandChina. However, his methods were highly controversial for the day. He had a passionate conviction that no missionary could carry on effective work without taking on the native dress, manners, and customs of the culture in which they lived (Taylor 89). He said, “So living as to be an example to them of what Chinese Christians should be, requires the adoption not merely of their costume but of their habits also to a very considerable extent. Merely to put on their dress, and act regardless of their thoughts and feelings, is to make a burlesque of the whole matter…” (Ibid 89). He received heavy backlash from others within his mission board for rejecting the “English way” of missions (Kimball, “Emerging Church” 65). In response, Mr. Taylor drew a comparison of his mission strategy with Jesus’ mission strategy: “In language, in appearance, in everything not sinful He made Himself one with those He sought to benefit” (Taylor 90). Hudson Taylor criticized the “English way” because it placed barriers between the Chinese and the Gospel; he said it gave the Gospel so much of a foreign flavor that the Chinese would have nothing to do with it (Ibid 90). “And why should such a foreign aspect be given to Christianity? The Word of God does not require it; nor, I conceive, could sound reason justify it” (Ibid 90).
    We have already pointed to surveys conducted by Dan Kimball’s church which show that emerging generations have great interest in Jesus, but Christians get in the way (Kimball, “Emerging Church” 80); Mr. Kimball even remarked, “Jesus and his teachings will not seem as strange or repellant to non-Christians as will the Christian subculture we have created” (Ibid 82). Our conventional, modern approach to ministry is getting in the way of postmoderns coming to Christ. Our “conventional way” puts barriers between postmoderns and the Gospel. We have given Christianity a “foreign aspect” that is far removed from the culture we are trying to reach. And as Hudson Taylor noted, there is no Scriptural basis for which to justify it.
    We must employ the same strategies for doing ministry in an emerging culture as a missionary does in a foreign culture, because we are, in essence, living in a foreign culture. Part of being a missionary, I would even venture to say a large part of being a missionary, is immersing oneself in the culture of one’s mission field. Rick McKinley, pastor of Imago Dei Community Church in Portland, Oregon, says, “If you protect yourself from the culture, you lose your voice” (McKinley). He is not saying that we should drop our guard when we enter culture; we still need a biblical grid to fight worldly influences. However, he is saying that we need to be participating as members of our culture because if we don’t, we will lose our ability to communicate the Gospel effectively. When we become active participants in postmodern culture, we will discover that ministry methods for postmoderns are going to look much different than those for moderns (Kimball, “Emerging Church” 63).
    The danger voiced, and rightfully so, is that in the rush to adapt to culture we will abandon core standards and principles. This is a valid concern, based on many examples across the centuries where core beliefs were abandoned for accommodation, and the Gospel suffered for it. This is why I’ve emphasized the biblical grid so much. Everything we do must be grounded in Scripture; there are no exceptions. While God gives us a lot of freedom in our methodologies, He has also given us the mistakes of Israel as examples for what happens when God’s people accommodate anti-biblical values. The church must be countercultural in many respects. But there is no easy way around this: followers of Christ cannot be intellectually lazy. Biblically, we are not allowed. We cannot simply accept Christian culture, nor can we broadly reject outside culture. We must be missionaries to this culture, which means we must constantly evaluate our ministry methods against the Scriptures.
    Mr. Kimball says, “I am not saying that we shouldn’t preach about homosexuality or moral standards. Of course we need to. We need to speak about these things more than ever today. We need to be opening our Bibles and exploring what the Scriptures say about all types of ethical and moral standards. We need to know what it means to be holy. But we need to rethink how we preach about it. I am convinced that we can effectively preach and teach the same conclusions if we change our approach” (Kimball, “Emerging Church” 74). Are you convinced that we can effectively preach and teach the same conclusions even with changed approaches? Are you convinced we can be all things to all people?
    What is unfortunate is that many Christians aren’t convinced. Alex McManus points out, “The church feels no urgency, no compulsion to change because it doesn’t care that the world is in deep trouble” (A. McManus). Until we recognize the depths of hopelessness and sin in which emerging generations find themselves, we will never be motivated to reach them. Until we begin to take on the cross of Jesus Christ and live his mission, we will never feel obligated to befriend sinners. The unchurched population of the United States is the largest mission field in the English-speaking world; it is the fifth largest globally (Kimball, “Emerging Church” 14). How are we being missionaries to these people?
    Emerging leaders recognize that something needs to change if we are going to reach the emerging culture. What changes are they suggesting?
     Check back next time. ÂÂ
